Ludovic picaed



(No Model.)

, L. PIGARD.

' DRAWING INSTRUMENT.

No. 559,041. PatentedApr. 28,1895.

.1 ml ml NITED STATES LUDOVIO PIOARD, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

DRAWING INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 559,041 dated April 28,1896. Application filed January 4, 1896. Serial Nbl 574,306. (No model.)Patented in France July 9, 1894,1l'o. 239,903 in Germany July 14, 1894,No. 79,634; in Belgium December 28,

and in Switzerland May 6,1895, No. 10,433.

To all whom it mag concern; H

Be it known that I, Lunovro PIoARD, a citizenof France, residing at 51Rue de Belleville, Paris, in the Republic of France, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Drawing'Instruments, (for which Ihave obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 239,903, dated July 9, 1894;in England, No. 127, dated January 2, 1895, the date claimed in theEnglish patent and appearing uponthe face thereof, under section 103 ofact, the date of the first foreign application in France under theInternational Convention being July 9, 1894; in Germany, No. 7 9,634,dated July 14, 1894; in Belgium, No. 113,369, dated December 28, 1894,and in Switzerland, No. 10,433, dated May 6, 1895,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention has relation to a drawing instrument designed, primarily,to assist in copying from nature perspective and similar views; and insuch connection it relates par-. ticularly to the construction andarrangement of such an instrument.

The principal objects of my invention are, first, to provide a drawinginstrument of simple construction, by means of which copies from natureof perspective and similar views may be made, drawn to required scale;second, to provide in such an instrument three branches or rulers, eachof which is provided with a longitudinal slot and carrying centrally anindex X with equal graduations above and below the central index, two ofsaid branches or rulers being jointed or pivoted to the other branch,preferably in the longitudinal slot thereof, and, third, to provide insuch an instrument one of the branches with a line and plumb, wherebysaid branch may be held in a vertical position.

My invention, stated in general terms, consists of a drawing instrumentconstructed and arranged in the manner and for the purposes hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood fromthe following description, taken in connection with theaccompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, and in which-1894,No.113,869,' in England January 2, 1895, No. 127,

Figure 1 is a View in elevation of a drawing instrument embodying themain features of my invention; and Fig. 2 is a similar view,reduced,'showing the application of the instrument in the copying ofperspective from natural objects.

Referring to the drawings, the instrument consists of three branches orsections A, B, and O, which for convenience may be called rulers Therespective branches or rulers are provided with longitudinal slots at,b, and c. To the branch A, and preferably in the slot athereof, isjointed or pivoted, as at m, the branch or ruler B in such a manner thatit may be moved about said pivotal point to any required angle withrespect to the branch A. i The branch or ruler B may also be moved upand down in the slot a of said branch A. The branch 0 is jointed orpivoted, as at n, to the branch A in a manner similar to the manner inwhich the branch 13 is jointed or pivoted to the branch A-that is tosay, the branch 0 may be turned at any required a11- gle with respect tothe branchA and may be moved up and down in the slot at thereof. Thebranches B and C may also be moved to extend 011 both sides or to theright or left of the branch A, the longitudinal slots 1) and cpermitting of this sidewise movement.

The branches A, B, and C have on their faces a central point or index 0,and above and below that point a series of equal gradua-' tions 12 3,&c., which in turn are equally subdivided. From the pivotal connectionat, which, as shown, is at or near the top of the branch A, is suspendeda cord p, carrying a weight 4".

Each of the branches A, B, and O is provided with an adjustablereference-index s, which, as shown, may consist of a rubber or similarband. This band or index 8 may be slid up and down the scales on thebranches and may be located at any particular point thereon.

To use the instrument the branch A is firmly grasped at its lower end,as indicated in Fig. 2, and the branch A held in a vertical position,which is determined by the plumb line 1:) and weight 1 when the same arein the middle of the branch A. The branch A is then brought to aposition where the point 0 is directly opposite the eye and the branchdirectly in line with a vertical line A of a house or similar object, asillustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Having first drawn upon a sheetof paper a horizontal line to represent the horizon or imaginaryhorizontal plane passing through the eye of the operator, a verticalline at right angles thereto is next drawn to represent the verticalline A of the house or other object. The distance above 0,

or the eye at which this line A terminates,- which in Fig. 2 isrepresented by A is nowv measured on the branch A and marked by means ofa band 8, and similarly the distance of the point A of the line A below0 is also marked on the branch A by another band 8. These distances arethen transferred to the vertical line on the paper. Again, theinclination of the 'line B to the right of the line A is found by movingthe branch B about its joint m until the same is parallel with the lineB, and the end of this line B is also accurately measured on the branch13 and a band 5' located at the required subdivision on the said branch.The branch G is similarly used to indicate the inclination and length oflines to the left of the vertical line A. In this manner all theprincipal points and lines of the natural perspective may be easily andquickly transferred to paper and an exact copy of reduced or increasedscale can be readily made. If desired, the branch B may be used toreproduce all lines and points above the horizon and the branch C allthe lines and points below the horizon.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what Iclaim'a's new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a drawing instrument of the character described, a slotted branchor rule provided with a graduated index above and below a pointindicating the height of the eye, a plumb and line suspended from saidbranch and adapted to maintain the same in vertical position, andslotted and indexed branches pivotally secured to saidvertically-arranged branch and adapted to be respectively moved torequired angles atrequired heights above and below the height of the eyeand projecting on either side of said vertical branch, substantially asand for the purposes described.

2. In a drawing instrument of the character described, a slotted branchprovided with a graduated index above and below a central pointindicating the height of the eye, a plumbline suspended from said branchadapted to maintain the same in vertical position, two slotted andindexed branches pivotally connected to theslot of the vertical branchand adapted when moved therein to indicate respectively the distancesabove and below the eye and when moved about said pivot to indicate theangles to the right and left of the vertical branch, each of saidbranches and vertical branch being provided with an adjustablereference-index, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix'my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LUDOVIC PIOAR-D. \Vitnesses G. DE MESTRAL, CLYDE SHROPSHIRE.

